Jul 12, 2010 miniemulsion polymerization technology comprises 10 papers by many of the worlds experts on the subject. This was done by carrying out mma miniemulsion polymerization reactions and taking samples at different times. Miniemulsion polymerization is the process of converting these monomer droplets into polymer particles. From the calorimetric data, it could be observed that only styrenebased copolymerization followed typical miniemulsion polymerization mechanism. Chemical engineering 160260 polymer science and engineering. Miniemulsion polymerization was initially used for the synthesis of the ablock, which forms hard domains, followed by 2eha preemulsion feeding to build the bblock soft domains. Miniemulsion polymerization of acrylated methyl oleate for pressure. Xray diffraction xrd and transmission electron microscopy tem indicated that the clay platelets were mostly exfoliated in the paraffin wax at low concentrations, and partially exfoliated at high concentrations. A polymer is a macromolecule which consists of small molecular units that are repeated over and over again to form a long chain. The miniemulsion polymerization is not subject to this limitation. High molecular weight polymers can be made at fast polymerization rates. Raft mechanism with upon modeling no explicit calculation. The miniemulsion process allows the formation of complex structured polymeric nanoparticles and the encapsulation of a solid or liquid, an inorganic or organic, or a hydrophobic or hydrophilic material into a polymer shell.
Our reader mostly like to read principles of polymerization book in pdf epub kindle format. Modeling of miniemulsion polymerization of styrene with. Emulsion polymerization is a usual process of a radical polymerization, its features are explained by the fact that the main site of reactions micelles and pmp have discrete volumes. The monomer miniemulsions herein include, in addition to water, a surfactant, and a monomer or mixture thereof, one or more polymers which function as a.
Miniemulsion polymerization technology comprises 10 papers by many of the worlds experts on the subject. The effect of fluorinated acrylate on stability of the composite latex was compared with the traditional costabilizer. The silicapolyacylate composite latex was prepared via miniemulsion polymerization. In theory, a miniemulsion comprises the ideal environment for living radical polymerization by the raft process. Some developments in miniemulsion polymerization aiming at taking advantage of its unique mechanisms minimizing the drawbacks of this technique are discussed. Particle nucleation using different initiators in the miniemulsion polymerization of styrene 193 brazilian journal of chemical engineering vol. Effects of stirring rates and dodecyl mercaptan on nanocapsules containing noctadecane prepared by miniemulsion polymerization xuejing zhang, xingxiang zhang, jianping wang,ming you state key laboratory of hollow fiber membrane materials and processes,tianjin polytechnic unive rsity, tjpu tianjin, p r china. Uptodate coverage of methods of emulsion polymerization this book provides a comprehensive reference on emulsion polymerization methods,focusing on the fundamental mechanisms and kinetics of each process, as well as howthey can be applied to the manufacture of environmentally friendly polymeric materials. At the initial stage of the polymerization the reaction system consists of emulsifier micelles, pmp and large monomer droplets. Compartmentalization minimizes radicalradical termination events and droplet nucleation eliminates the mass.
Miniemulsion polymerization of styrene wiley online library. Dec 01, 2010 the miniemulsion technique is a particular case in the family of heterophase polymerizations, which allows the formation of functionalized polymers by polymerization or modification of polymers in stable nanodroplets. Similarly, sodium acrylate was polymerized in inverse. Another advantage of miniemulsion systems compared to solution polymerization was demonstrated by qi et al. By contrast, in bulk and solution freeradical polymerization, there is a tradeoff between molecular weight and polymerization rate the continuous water phase is an excellent conductor of heat, enabling fast polymerization rates without loss of temperature control. Only a fraction of the surfactant and reaction time that was necessary in the conventional emulsion polymerization is required. S1 supporting information for encapsulated dyepolymer nanoparticles prepared via miniemulsion polymerization for inkjet printing jingjing li, jiangli fan, rui cao, zhen zhang, jianjun du, and xiaojun peng and state key laboratory of fine chemicals. The copolymer latexes composed mainly of a high content of.
Miniemulsion polymerization is different from conventional emulsion polymerization because it employs a miniemulsification process achieved via ultrasonic or highshear treatment. Continuous macroemulsion and miniemulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate. Effects of stirring rates and dodecyl mercaptan on nanocapsules containing noctadecane prepared by miniemulsion polymerization xuejing zhang, xingxiang zhang, jianping wang,ming you state key laboratory of hollow fiber membrane materials and processes,tianjin polytechnic unive rsity, tjpu tianjin, p r china email. Abstract the miniemulsion technique is a particular case in the family of heterophase polymerizations, which allows the formation of func. Preparation of multiphase polystyrenecobutyl acrylate. Miniemulsion polymerization and the structure of polymer.
Hybrid nanostructured particles via surfactantfree double. A miniemulsion is obtained by shearing a mixture comprising two immiscible liquid phases for example, oil and water, one or more surfactants and, possibly, one or more cosurfactants typical examples are hexadecane or cetyl alcohol. The use of miniemulsion ringopening metathesis polymerization romp to form polyunsaturated latexes is still a largely unexplored field. The most common type of emulsion polymerization is an oilinwater emulsion, in which droplets of monomer the oil are emulsified with surfactants in a continuous phase of water. Cannot be used for polymers whose glass transition temperature is less than the polymerization temperature, or else aggregation will occur. The influence of the initiation on droplet nucleation is conflicting and it has not been completely considered. Miniemulsion copolymerization of ethylene and vinyl acetate juchen guo, kyu yong choi, f. It should be used in place of this raster image when not inferior. Miniemulsion polymerization matyjaszewski polymer group. Online reading principles of polymerization book are very easy. On the reaction characteristics of miniemulsion polymerization with aqueous phase initiation experiments and modeling tom g. Us5686518a miniemulsion polymerization process using. The properties of eva copolymer highly depend on the percentage of ethylene in the copolymer.
A population balance model for the miniemulsion polymerization that incorporates the particle size distribution is developed in this work. Joseph schork introduction ethylenevinyl acetate copolymer eva is a commercially important polymer that has been used in a wide range of applications. The monomer miniemulsions herein include, in addition to water, a surfactant, and a monomer or mixture thereof, one or more polymers which function as a polymeric cosurfactant. Polymers products that are commonly referred to as plastics by the general public are known to chemists as polymers. Abstract in miniemulsion polymerization, droplet nucleation is the key factor to ensure the production of polymer particles with a desired composition. In this procedure, a monomer is dissolved in a nonreactive solvent that contains a catalyst the reaction results in a polymer which is also soluble in the chosen solvent. Kaler center for molecular and engineering thermodynamics, department of chemical engineering, university of delaware, newark, delaware 19716. A small vial with an inner diameter of 12 mm was used to run a miniemulsion with 3 ml volume, whereas a larger vial with a diameter of 25 mm contained 10 ml of miniemulsion figure s1.
According to this mechanism, a minimum amount of fatty alcohol is needed to. Raft miniemulsion polymerization targeting to polymer of higher. In this study, we show that miniemulsion photopolymerization provides a suitable method to create latex without the apparent addition of these three compounds. Miniemulsion polymerization has recently exploded in terms of publications and the development of a wide range of useful polymer materials only accessible through this polymerization technique. Principles and applications of emulsion polymerization. Living radical polymerization in miniemulsion using. Pscobawaxclay nanocomposites via miniemulsion polymerization. Miniemulsion polymerization as a versatile tool for the synthesis of functionalized polymers.
Submissions are welcome on fundamental experimental or theoretical investigations of emulsion polymerization and related heterogeneous polymerizations including miniemulsion, microemulsion, suspension and inverse emulsion, on control of emulsion polymerization at the molecular or colloidal level, on application of emulsion polymerization for. Sds was dissolved in 140 g deionized water, then adding a preparation of nanometer silicaacrylate composite emulsion through miniemulsion polymerization fapeng wang1,2, xingwei he1, weikun xu1, shenyuan fu1 and jiuyin pang2. The thermal polymerization of 1,3cyclopentadiene by way of the dielsalder addition is not an important polymerization, but it does provide a simple concrete example of how a monomer and a polymer are related. Heat released by the reaction is absorbed by the solvent, and so the reaction rate is reduced. Azo polymerization initiators comprehensive catalog. However, continuous reactors or continuous reactor trains can provide a high level of consistency when operated at steady state. In miniemulsion polymerization, particles are formed via monomer droplet nucleation, whereas. Preparation of nanometer silicaacrylate composite emulsion through miniemulsion polymerization fapeng wang 1,2, xingwei he 1, weikun xu 1, shenyuan fu 1 and jiuyin pang 2.
Jilin woodbased materials science and engineering key laboratories jilin, china corresponding author. Jan 29, 2008 uptodate coverage of methods of emulsion polymerization this book provides a comprehensive reference on emulsion polymerization methods,focusing on the fundamental mechanisms and kinetics of each process, as well as howthey can be applied to the manufacture of environmentally friendly polymeric materials. Living radical polymerization in miniemulsion using reversible additionfragmentation chain transfer. A miniemulsion also known as nanoemulsion is a special case of emulsion.
From the calorimetric data, it could be observed that only styrenebased co polymerization followed typical miniemulsion polymerization mechanism. Principles of polymerization free book download also nice conclusion after you had successfully register to our book vendor. As shown in figure s4, the particle size of polymers. When finally processed to provide the function for which the latex was selected. Emulsion polymerization is a type of radical polymerization that usually starts with an emulsion incorporating water, monomer, and surfactant. Effects of stirring rates and dodecyl mercaptan on.
Miniemulsion polymerization technology wiley online books. An approach to control copolymer composition miniemulsion polymerization. Although several polymerization processes have been adopted along the years, suspension, emulsion and miniemulsion systems deserve special attention due to its ability to produce spherical polymer. Miniemulsion polymerization and the structure of polymer and. The main obstacle remains the preparation of a chemically. This in turn lowers the effective termination rate k t,eff and termination rate r t and thus, the average number. Miniemulsion polymerization and the structure of polymer and hybrid nanoparticles. The main objective of this mqp was to follow the reaction kinetics of the polymerization reaction of mma in miniemulsions. Miniemulsion polymerization as a versatile tool for. Population balance model, miniemulsion, polymerization miniemulsions are comprised of relatively stable. Miniemulsion polymerization as a versatile tool for the.
Miniemulsion polymerization as a versatile tool for the synthesis of. Mar 16, 2010 faridimajidi r, sharifisanjani n 2007 emulsifierfree miniemulsion polymerization of styrene and the investigation of encapsulation of nanoparticles with polystyrene via this procedure using an anionic initiator. The initiator potassium peroxodisulfate kps could not be used due to its low solubility in the 2hydroxyethyl methacrylate monomer. Normally, only hydrophilic monomers can be polymerized with this initiating system in water or a co.
An essentially stable monomer miniemulsion characterized by small monomer droplet size is prepared and is then polymerized to a polymer latex under free radical polymerization conditions. The copolymerization of vinyl acetate vac and vinyl 2. Recent developments in miniemulsion polymerization. This mechanism has been confirmed in aibn initiated miniemulsion polymeriza tions using various monomerwater ratios. Deterministic modeling of raft bulk and miniemulsion. Synthesis of phosphonatefunctionalized polystyrene and.
Enhanced polymerization rates were seen for the miniemulsion polymerizations. Principles of polymerization download free pdf books or. As a consequence of the mechanism of the formation of miniemulsions, and due to their colloidal properties and stability, a large range of different polymers. Free download principles of polymerization book now is available, you just need to subscribe to our book vendor, fill the registration form and the digital book copy will present to you. In the first stage of the polymerization, emulsification of the monoroers is important, because insufficient emulsification influences the product properties. A 5dimensional smithewart based model is developed to understand differences for reversible additionfragmentation chain transfer raft miniemulsion polymerization with theoretical agents mimicking cases of slow fragmentation, crosstermination, and ideal exchange while accounting for chain length and monomer conversion dependencies due to diffusional limitations.
Elaassep emulsion polymers institute and department of chemical. Polymerization kinetics and the evolution of the molecular weight distribution mwd were followed during the synthesis of different aba block copolymers. Photoinduced miniemulsion atom transfer radical polymerization. Supporting information for encapsulated dyepolymer. Polymers free fulltext mechanical and morphological. For raft miniemulsion polymerization of styrene mediated by polystyryl. The model predictions are verified against data taken from the literature. The effect of the ultrasound power was investigated herein. A population balance model for miniemulsion polymerization. Dhooge, ghent university, belgium reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer raft polymerization is an important. The reaction kinetics and final particle sizes were compared for homopolymerizations and copolymerizations of the two monomers. Preparation of polymer composite latex via miniemulsion. The discussion includes preparation of highly concentrated latexes, miniemulsion polymerization in continuous stirred tank reactors cstrs, and elimination of the low.
Faridimajidi r, sharifisanjani n 2007 emulsifierfree miniemulsion polymerization of styrene and the investigation of encapsulation of nanoparticles with polystyrene via this procedure using an anionic initiator. This file is licensed under the creative commons attributionshare alike 4. It summarizes the recent advances in miniemulsion polymerization technology including the advances on the selection of surfactants and cosurfactants, the expansion of miniemulsion technology in various polymers and copolymer systems, and. Most miniemulsion polymerizations are carried out in batch reactors. The heat flow time curves of copolymerization of styrene with vpa differ from the styrene homopolymerization, which is due to the difference in water solubility of the monomers. Preparation of multiphase polystyrenecobutyl acrylatewax. In principle, the synthesis of functionalized polymers in miniemulsion can occur either by. Well over 100 billion pounds of polymer are produced each year, and it is expected that this. Encapsulation by miniemulsion polymerization springerlink. Miniemulsion copolymerization of ethylene and vinyl acetate. The second part deals with the application of miniemulsion polymerization for. Synthesis of phosphonatefunctionalized polystyrene and poly. Miniemulsion polymerization based on in situ surfactant. Fluorinated acrylate monomer was used the costabilizer and hydrophobic modifier.
Moreover, the viscosity of the reaction mixture is reduced. Polymerization yields finely divided, stable latexes and dispersions to be used directly in coatings, paints, and adhesives. In principle, the synthesis of functionalized polymers in miniemulsion can occur either by copolymerizing one or several functional monomers, or by the. This is due to the fact that once poor emulsification has affected the polymerization. Preparation of nanometer silicaacrylate composite emulsion. Kinetics of polymerization reaction in miniemulsions a major. Solution polymerization is a method of industrial polymerization. The percent polymer was calculated once the samples were freezedried, which removed the monomer and left only the. On the miniemulsion polymerization of very hydrophobic monomers.